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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 76(2): 61-64, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899042

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: Correlacionar o coeficiente de asfericidade com a aberração esférica longitudinal na superfície corneana, correlacionando também cada uma dessas variáveis com a ceratometria média Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional através da coleta de dados pré-operatórios nos prontuários de indivíduos candidatos a facectomia. Os dados coletados se referiam ao sexo e idade, além do Q, LSA da superfície corneana e ceratometria média (Km). Foram excluídos do estudo os pacientes que realizaram qualquer procedimento cirúrgico corneano, por alterar as medidas da Q, LSA e Km. O topógrafo selecionou, de maneira fixa, uma área 4,5mm da superfície anterior da córnea para medida do Q e da LSA, tendo como ponto central o eixo pupilar. A ocorrência da LSA é relevante em ambientes de penumbra, em indivíduos com pupila maior que 3mm. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 70 olhos de 35 indivíduos: 24 (68,6%) mulheres e 11 (31,4%) homens. A idade variou de 48 a 89 anos (média de 69,97 ± 8,29). A Km variou de 41,00D a 46,50D com média de 43,94 ± 1,48D. Na avaliação do Q da superfície corneana se observou uma média de -0,15 ± 0,15. Seis (8,57%) córneas apresentaram desenho esférico com Q= 0 e apenas uma córnea apresentou desenho asférico com Q= -0,50, gerando LSA= 0,0µm. Em relação a LSA da superfície corneana se observou média de +0,33 ± 0,14 µm. Quarenta e dois olhos (60,0%) apresentaram LSA entre +0,31 a +0,64µm e 19 (27,15%) entre +0,16 a +0,30µm. Não houve correção entre a Km e o Q (r= -0,005 / p= 0,965), assim como entre Km e a LSA (r= 0,167 / p= 0,170). Observou-se correlação (r= 0,962 / p= 0,000) entre as variáveis Q x LSA. Conclusão: Foi observada correlação entre o Q e a LSA da superfície corneana. Não foi observado correlações entre o coeficiente de asfericidade ou aberração esférica longitudinal com a ceratometria média.


Abstract Objective: To correlate the asphericity coefficient (Q) with longitudinal spherical aberration (LSA) of the corneal surface, also correlating each of these variables with the average keratometry Methods: An observational study was conducted by collecting preoperative data from the medical records of individuals candidate cataract surgery, i.e., patient sex and age, as well as Q, LSA of the corneal surface and mean keratometry (Km). Patients who had been subjected to any corneal surgical procedure who would alter Q, LSA and Km measuements were excluded. The corneanl topograph selected, fixedly, a 4.5 mm area of the anterior surface of the cornea for the measurement of Q and LSA, having the pupillary axis as the central point, since the occurrence of LSA is relevant in dim environments in individuals with a pupil wider than 3 mm Results: The sample consisted of 70 eyes of 35 individuals, 24 of them women (68.6%) and 11 men (31.4%) ranging in age from 48 to 89 years (mean: 69.97 ± 8.29). Km ranged from 41.00 to 46.50 D, with a mean of 43.94 ± 1.48D, and mean Q of the corneal surface was -0.15 ± 0.15. Six corneas showed a spherical design (Q= 0.0) and only one showed an aspheric design with Q = -0.50, generating an LSA of 0.0. Mean LSA of the corneal surface was +0.33 ± 0.14 µm. Only one eye showed an LSA equal to 0.0µm, and five showed an LSA of +0.10 to +0.30µm. No eye showed a negative LSA of the corneal surface. There was no correlation between Km and Q (r = -0.005 / p = 0.965) or between Km and LSA (r = 0.167 / p = 0.170). A correlation (r = 0.962 / p = 0.000) was observed between Q and LSA Conclusion: There was a correlation between Q and LSA of the corneal surface. There was no correlation between the sphericity coefficient or longitudinal spherical aberration with the average keratometry.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cornea/anatomy & histology , Corneal Topography/methods , Organ Size , Contrast Sensitivity , Pupil , Medical Records , Cornea/physiology , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Observational Study , Mathematics , Ocular Physiological Phenomena
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 76(1): 43-49, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-844067

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo desta revisão é de determinar as indicações e eficácia da cirurgia que promove novas ligações covalentes entre as fibras de colágeno da córnea, conhecida como Cross-Linking (CXL), assim como esclarecer seus objetivos. O ceratocone é uma doença ectasica da córnea, bilateral, assimétrica, que, principalmente, cursa com encurvamento e afinamentos progressivo, e se inicia em geral na segunda década de vida. O uso primário do CXL tem sido na interrupção da progressão do Ceratocone. Apesar do conhecido encurvamento no estroma da córnea ocorrer nesses pacientes, a fisiopatologia por trás do ceratocone ainda é desconhecida e parece ser multifatorial. Pela evidencia literária disponível até o momento, o CXL da córnea esta, portanto indicado nos pacientes com doença em progressão. Concluímos que existe evidencia suficiente para afirmar que o CXL da córnea é eficaz na estabilização da doença ectásica da cornea.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this review is to determine the indications and efficacy of the surgery that promotes new covalent bonds between the collagen fibers of the cornea, known as Cross-Linking (CXL), as well as to clarify its objectives. Keratoconus is a bilateral, asymmetric ectasic disease of the cornea that mainly courses with steepening and progressive thinning, and usually begins in the second decade of life. The primary use of CXL has been in discontinuing the progression of keratoconus. Although known corneal stromal remodeling occurs in these patients, the pathophysiology behind keratoconus is still unknown and appears to be multifactorial. By the literary evidence available to date, the CXL of the cornea is safely indicated in patients with progressing disease. We conclude that there is sufficient evidence to affirm that cornea CXL is effective in stabilizing corneal ectasic disease.


Subject(s)
Cornea/metabolism , Cornea/physiology , Cross-Linking Reagents , Keratoconus/drug therapy , Guidelines as Topic , Riboflavin/administration & dosage
3.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology ; (12): 541-545, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-637380

ABSTRACT

Background Refractive surgery has propelled itself forward to become widely performed surgical procedure nowadays.After the surgery,corneal biomechanics decreases lead to keratoconus and corneal ectasia.Doctors pay more attention to biomechanics changes after refractive surgeries.Objective This clinical study was to investigate the influence of different laser refractive surgeries on corneal biomechanics.Methods A prospective nonrandomized and controlled clinical study was designed.One hundred and sixty-four eyes of 82 patients with moderate myopia were enrolled.The patients were divided into sub-Bowman keratomileusis (SBK) group (60 eyes of 30 patients),laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) group (54 eyes of 27 patients) and laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) group (50 eyes of 25 patients),with the matched demography among the three groups.Corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were detected by ocular response analyzer (ORA) before and 1 week,5 months after refractive surgery.The correlations between stromal ablation depth and postoperative changing values of CH or CRF were analyzed.Results Significant differences were found in CH and CRF at different time points in the three groups (Ftime =41.90,P =0.00;Ftime =49.65,P =0.00),and the CH and CRF values were significantly lower 1 week and 5 months after surgery than those before surgery (all at P =0.00).However,no significant difference of CH or CRF was seen at all time points among the three groups (Fgroup =2.17,P =0.08;Fsroup =2.67,P =0.07).No correlation was found between corneal ablation depth and CH in 1 week and 5 months after surgery (both at R2 =0.000),however,weaker correlations were seen between corneal ablation depth and CRF 1 week and5 months after surgery (Y=3.253+ 0.010X,R2=0.007;Y=1.073+0.021 X,R2=0.004).Conclusions SBK,LASIK and LASEK lead to the change of corneal biomechanics by altering CH and CRF,they play the same influence on cornea.CRF appears to be an useful indicator in evaluating corneal biomechanical changes after laser refractive surgery.

4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 77(1): 60-65, Jan-Feb/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-715559

ABSTRACT

The cornea is a transparent tissue in front of the eye that refracts light and facilitates vision. A slight change in the geometry of the cornea remarkably affects the optical power. Because of this sensitivity, biomechanical study of the cornea can reveal much about its performance and function. In vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanics of the cornea and determine its characteristics. Numerical techniques such as the finite element method (FEM) have been extensively implemented as effective and noninvasive methods for analyzing corneal mechanics and possible disorders. This article reviews the use of FEM for assessing the mechanical behavior of the cornea. Different applications of FEM in corneal disease studies, surgical predictions, impact simulations, and clinical applications have been reviewed. Some suggestions for the future of this type of modeling in the area of corneal mechanics are also discussed.


A córnea é um tecido transparente na parte frontal do olho, que refrata a luz e torna a visão possível. Uma ligeira alteração na geometria da córnea notavelmente afeta a sua potência óptica. Devido a essa sensibilidade, o estudo biomecânico da córnea pode revelar muito sobre o seu desempenho e funcionalidade. Estudos in vivo e in vitro foram realizados para investigar a mecânica da córnea e para determinar suas características. Técnicas numéricas como o método dos elementos finitos (FEM) foram amplamente implementadas como métodos eficazes e não invasivos de análise mecânica da córnea e seus possíveis transtornos. Este artigo analisa o uso de FEM para avaliar o comportamento mecânico da córnea. Diferentes aplicações da FEM no estudo de doenças da córnea, previsões cirúrgicas, simulações de impacto e aplicações clínicas foram revistos. São discutidas algumas sugestões para o futuro deste tipo de modelagem na área de mecânica de córnea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Corneal Topography , Cornea/physiology , Finite Element Analysis , Cornea/anatomy & histology , Surface Properties
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 73(1): 37-39, Jan-Feb/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-712760

ABSTRACT

Relato de caso de uma paciente, com córnea espessa, por distrofia de Fuchs em fase inicial, ainda com transparência corneana preservada (edema corneano subclínico), associado à pressão intraocular (PIO) normal por tonometria de aplanação de Goldman (TAG), que teve entretanto, o diagnóstico de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto com base em alterações estruturais do nervo óptico. O estudo tomográfico demonstrou padrão de paquimetria espacial compatível com edema subclínico. O estudo biomecânico da córnea com o ORA (Ocular Response Analyzer, ® Reichert), associado à medida corrigida da PIO, possibilitou o entendimento da influência da córnea, que apesar de mais espessa, levava a uma TAG falsamente reduzida (hipoestimada). O estudo da PIO com sistema de tonografia digital de contorno (PASCAL) corroborou com os achados do ORA. Este exemplo ressalta a importância de novas tecnologias na avaliação de pacientes com suspeita de glaucoma, e destaca que a correção da TAG, com base em algoritmos lineares relacionados com a paquimetria central apenas, pode determinar sérios erros de interpretação clínica.


Case report of a patient, with a thick cornea, for Fuchs dystrophy in its early stages, yet with preserved corneal transparency (subclinical corneal edema), associated with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT), which was however, the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma on the basis of structural changes of the optic nerve. The tomographic study showed a pattern of spatial pachymetry compatible with subclinical edema. The corneal biomechanical study with ORA (Ocular Response Analyzer, Reichert ®) associated with corrected IOP measurement, allowed the understanding of the corneal influence, which, although thicker, leading to a falsely low TAG (underestimated). The IOP study with tonography system digital (PASCAL) corroborated with the findings of ORA. This example highlights the importance of new technologies in patients' evaluation with suspected glaucoma, and highlights that the correction of TAG, based on linear algorithms related to central corneal thickness alone, can determine serious errors in clinical interpretation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Biomechanical Phenomena , Cornea/physiology , Cornea/pathology , Corneal Pachymetry/methods , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Optic Nerve/pathology , Tonometry, Ocular/instrumentation , Tomography , Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy/physiopathology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Ocular Hypertension/diagnosis , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Gonioscopy
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